The American Society of Transplantation

This is currently not possible. There are at least two major issues that need to be considered. First, one needs to generate functioning organs that can perform at the level necessary to replace the failing organ. This is not feasible at the moment. Aside from this, this organ should be accepted by the host by being “matched to the patients’ DNA” as you have mentioned. The latter is also almost impossible. As you know, the MHC antigens are the strongest transplantation antigens and can stimulate a primary immune response without priming. However, MHC molecules are highly polymorphic, as each MHC locus can express any one of hundreds of different molecules encoded by various alleles. Just to give you an idea, in clinical transplantation, the most important MHC genes are HLA-A,-B and –DR. The antigenic determinants of their six alleles are the focus of attempts at HLA matching to improve graft survival. Given the remarkable degree of polymorphism exhibited by MHC genes, there are 88 recognized antigens encoded by more than 1000 distinct alleles and the number of new alleles is still increasing. As you can see, while HLA gene polymorphism plays a critical role in protective immunity by enabling the binding and presentation of a wide variety of microbial peptides to T cells, it could potentially create a practical barrier to successful transplantation. That is why It is not feasible to select a completely HLA matched donor for every potential recipient because of the enormous polymorphism of the HLA system. Now add to above several studies demonstrating that minor histocompatibility antigens can also mediate rejection and you can see the complexity of the issue.